Last Post :)

Hi, everyone this is my last blog post here 🙂 As a last one, I would like to talk about new topic which is ‘Multimedia Newsgathering’. Through this topic I was able to learn how to gather information appropriate for multimedia reporting. The level of multimedia involvement will vary depending on factors such as the size of the news organisation, the organisation’s expectations of reporters, and the specific news situation. For example, solo multimedia journalists sometimes operate in war zones or isolated regions where it is not feasible to send a team. The most controversial form of multimedia journalism involves one reporter who is required to provide content for print, online, radio, and often television, Some people have described this as “platypus” or “inspector gadget” journalism.

Moreover, early notions of convergence focused on this “super reporter” who could cover a story for every medium. but the rare exception apart, against tight deadlines it is not possible for one journalist to report well for radio, TV, print, and the Web. The more stories a reporter has to do, the more likely they will miss a deadline or fudge a story. And reporters forced to write stories for every platform will ultimately repeat themselves across platforms. What is that means? I think this means they fail to take full advantage of the strengths of each format and the benefits of convergence, which is the ability to tell a story using the most appropriate medium.

Here, One of the keys to success with multimedia journalism is the quality of the assignment editors. Successful multimedia organisations have a central assignment desk where the assignment editors, who all understand the strengths and weaknesses of each medium, assess each news event on its merits and send the most appropriate people. The online journalists is the most prominent example of a multimedia reporter in the first decade of this century. As print-based newspapers evolve into multimedia companies, the online staff will act as the bridge to the future and it shows how to gather information appropriate for all forms of media. In an ideal world, online news sites will have their own reporters. In reality, much of the breaking news for online sites comes from news agencies like Associated Press or Reuters, or copy shoveled from the parent company’s newspaper sites.

Maybe, after you read this blog post, you can think about what multimedia is 🙂

Citizen Journalism in Singapore

Hi, everyone yale is back 🙂

This week I want to talk about Citizen Journalism in Singapore for my last assignment. In korea, We have a “OHMYNEWS” for citizen journalism and Singapore have “STOMP”. Moreover, I would like to talk about citizen journalism in Singapore.

First, what is a citizen journalism? very simply, citizen journalism is when private individuals do essentially what professional reporters do – report information. That information can take many forms, from a podcast editorial to a report about a city council meeting on a blog. It can include text, pictures, audio and video. But it’s basically all about communicating information of some kind. The other main feature of citizen journalism is that it’s usually found online. In fact, the emergence of the Internet – with blogs, podcasts, streaming video and other Web-related innovations – is what has made citizen journalism possible. The Internet gave average people the ability to transmit information globally. That was a power once reserved for only the very largest media corporations and news agencies. Citizen journalism can take many forms. Steve Outing of Poynter.org and others have outlined many different types of citizen journalism. Below I’ve condensed Outing’s “layers” of citizen journalism and placed them into two main categories: semi-independent and fully independent.

These days, Citizen journalism employed by S’poreans with issues to raise in Singapore. They are more evident, especially with several forums for Singaporeans to express their views. One platform is Channel NewsAsia’s “I Journalist” programme – now into its second season – which has received positive feedback from viewers. They are issues you confront, trends you notice and questions you do not seem to get an answer to. Rather than complain to friends and family, citizen journalists get involved. The latest episode of “I Journalist” discussed construction noise in residential areas – an issue many are all too familiar with – and something film-maker Tan Pin Pin tolerated as a condominium was being built opposite her home. Her issue resonated with many people Channel NewsAsia spoke to after receiving feedback about it. What do you think about it? You want to be a citizen journalism?? 🙂

Moral minefields: Legal and ethical dilemma

Hi, everyone 🙂 This week I am going to post about ‘Moral minefields: legal and ethical dilemma’ and this week’s reading is about the relationship between the media and the law was explored.  The lesson here is that beyond looking at the laws of the jurisdictions in which your news piece will be published or broadcast, it is also important to understand the local socio-political culture and context of those nations.

 

However, ethical and moral dilemmas often arise as journalists have a habit of publishing information after the arrest, for the sake of ‘public interest’, or alternatively have a habit of publishing information before the arrest which is unnecessary in telling the story, but makes the story more ‘newsworthy’. This matter brings to the surface issues regarding the professional standards of journalists, and to what extent ethics and morals prevail over the legal loopholes and toothless tiger codes of conduct established by the Australian Press Council.  Sub judice is enforced so that everyone is seen to be innocent until proven guilty. However, it would seem that this notion is farcical as suspected criminals are often slandered in the media, accused of committing a crime and often judged by the public before the courts have an objective and evidentiary opportunity to do so. Consequently, I definitely believe that legislation regarding sub judice needs to be better assessed in order for the legal system to be truly fair and just.

 

Here, I will provide two pictures which are described clearly what is legal dilemma and ethical dillema.

1. Legal dilemma

 

2. Ethical  dilemma

Moreover, Sally Walker (1989) defines journalism law as those related to defamation, court reporting, contempt of court and parliament, obscenity, media regulation, freedom of information legislation, intellectual property, trespass, and breach of confidence, among others. A common technique used by judges and educators to view the legal position of the journalist is to frame it in terms of the range of rights and responsibilities of journalists. Journalists are given special privileges in the courtroom such as the provisions of special seating, note-taking and access to court documents that would not be afforded to the ordinary citizens. Journalists are afforded such rights if they perform them responsibly. When they begin to perform them irresponsibly, the balance of the law normally shifts in favour of the other citizens whose rights are being infringed. It then comes down to the notion of is it in ‘the public interest’. Also,  The freedom of information laws protects the essential public interest and the private business affairs of persons. The rights of this act apply to all citizens not just journalists. There is a down side to the FOI , it can be quite costly as an application is $30 and processing charges for allocating the documents are $15 per hour.

The basic idea of defamation law is simple. It is an attempt to balance the private right to protect one’s reputation with the public right to freedom of speech. Defamation law allows people to sue those who say or publish false and malicious comments. Anything that injures a person’s reputation can be defamatory. If a comment brings a person into contempt, disrepute or ridicule, it is likely to be defamatoryThe fact is, nearly everyone makes defamatory statements almost every day. Only very rarely does someone use the law of defamation against such statements. There are two types of defamation : Libel and slander. Most media organisations avoid making retractions. Sometimes they will defend a defamation case and pay out lots of money rather than openly admit being wrong. Media owners have resisted law reforms that would require retractions of equal prominence to defamatory stories.

Journalists must be fair and accurate in reporting to reframe from being sued for defamation. And Journalists must behave in a certain way in their reporting to society to do so. So defamation can be clearly defined as a civil or wrong committed by publication and generally involves the indication of a person’s reputation. There is a criteria to establish defamation which consists of there being a publication and identifiable person or persons. Journalists and other media workers are often in the business of publishing defamatory articles and sensationalizing stories about other people and what they do. Before doing so journalists need to ask themselves, is the material potentially defamatory and if so, are there any defences available.

Overall, the key message for journalists and other online researchers is that they must have a sound understanding of the law in the jurisdiction in which they work. It is also important when writing material for publication that is critical of individuals in a particular jurisdiction, that writiers must present their work in such a way that it would be legally acceptable or “safe” at law in the primary jurisdiction in which the criticised individual resides and does the bulk of their business and/or practices their profession.

 

 

This is end of this week’s blog. Feel free to comment on here 🙂

Thank you

 

 

 

 

Truth & Objectivity. Post modern causalities or victims of PR piracy

Hi, Everyone Yale is here. This week I am going to talk about Truth and objectivity and more information about post modern causalities or victims of PR piracy. Actually, I do not have deep knowledge and that is why this week’s topic was quite interesting to research.

 

Let’s talk about Postmodern causalities first. Postmodernism came like an wild horse escaping the confines of the modernist barn. It arrived when the world realized technology may not save the world after all, in fact men like Hitler and inventions like the atom bomb proved technology could end civilization as we know it.

However, Truth is a tricky concept. Journalism is all about decision making. If we were to give three people the same story – no matter how straight the story we would most likely end up with three different angles. So where do truth and objectivity lie? Or do they exist at all? I believe that of course we can strive towards truth and objectivity but perhaps achieving fairness is more realistic than achieving totally objectivity. To achieve fairness and strive towards objectivity in our reporting we need to get the whole story. To do this we need to talk to as many people as many people as we can and keeping asking and re-asking questions. We need to take our ‘blinkers’ off and get as many viewpoints as we can. In order to maximise profits, media organisations demand increased output from journalists across multiple news media platforms and at the same time cut costs by reducing journalist staff numbers. Due to the increased workload and pressure to meet deadlines, journalists no longer have time to hit the ground to gather news, or even to spend precious time making inquiries as part of the fact-checking process. Journalists have instead come to rely on public relations agencies and news wire services for both news gathering and fact checking.

Lastly, There is concern that these days Journalists don’t spend the time needed to look at what’s behind a PR release. While a good media release can be a great foundation for a story – we need to verify the facts. Now, more than ever, there is information going straight into news from PR releases without verification of the facts. In fact a study by Mcnamara found that 31% of news stories in a variety of outlets were based wholly or partly on media releases. We must remember that PR companies have the invested interest of getting their stuff on the news and in the papers. As journalists it’s important we don’t blindly trust what they write. We can never cross-check too many facts.

This is end of this week’s blog 🙂 Hope everyone enjoy my blog post !!! Have a great day

Privacy: Where do you get it?

Hi, everyone 🙂 Yale is here again and good to write a new post here !

This week I am going to talk about privacy. Perhaps, everyone knows what is privacy. Once I define what is Privacy here,  Privacy is the ability of an individual or group to seclude themselves or information about themselves and thereby reveal themselves selectively.

Privacy is sometimes related to anonymity, the wish to remain unnoticed or unidentified in the public realm. When something is private to a person, it usually means there is something within them that is considered inherently special or personally sensitive. The degree to which private information is exposed therefore depends on how the public will receive this information, which differs between places and over time.

Anyway I want to talk about privacy of Celebrities.Being a celebrity means you are now a public property. You can no longer walk alone in the malls. You cannot sip your drinks during breakfast alone anymore. People will scream around you and fight for your autograph. It is hard to walk around without people interrupting you now and then for autograph. That has not included paparazzi snapping your pictures. Being a celebrity, you cannot be absolutely sure that all of your fans are angelic. If not your own fans, maybe their friends or acquaintances will be the not-so-innocent one. The autograph they attain from you can be forged. And all kinds of dangers will be exposed to you. Professional forgers will be able to copy your autograph in no time. And who might know, they will eventually tag along with you and eventually steal your valuable things.

 

 

Using the signature they have duplicated from your autograph, they will be able to use your credit card easily. Not that they cannot do it in the first place but once they “learn” your autograph, they can use the credit card to its maximum. Celebrity of course will have a collection of this plastic magic and these smart thieves will only need one of them. They shop; they dine and have fun under your name. What is even worse than going on shopping spree with a credit card is when they have access to all your valuable accounts. As a celebrity is famous enough for everybody to know, criminal cam initiate a celebrity from top-to-toe and access the celebrity’s bank account. Using their signature, criminals are able to get whatever they wanted. People may think that it is ridiculous to think that way but a case has proved to be true. One of Robert de Niro’s look alike has been caught for forging his autograph while staying at a hotel. Forging de Niro’s autograph and claiming to be him is made it even easier. So it will not be at all difficult if other people try to do the same thing next time. Who knows that this will start a series of new crimes?

We’re all Twitter! Journalism and its negotiation of online the blogsphere and social media

Hi, everyone 🙂 Yale is back here !!

Today I would like to talk about Twitter and online the blogsphere and social media. I think most of you guys already have Twitter account, so do I 🙂

Twitter is a website, owned and operated by Twitter Inc., which offers a social networking and microblogging service, enabling its users to send and read messages calledtweets. People can posts of up to 140 characters displayed on the user’s profile page.

Do you know how Twitter made ? Twitter was produced in March 2006 by Jack Dorsey and launced in July. Since then Twitter has gained popularity worldwide and is estimated to have 200 million users, generating 65million tweets a day and handling over 800,000 search queires per day. Also, it is described a the “SMS of the Internet”. 

I dare to say, the most of people are using Twitter in these days and I feel like Twitter is another version of Facebook. As increase using of smart phone, Twitter is more and more becoming popular to the world. All of sudden, when I search about blogosphere, I found some funny question which is “Is social media killing the blogosphere?” and it gets repeated all the time on the Internet. Why this question gets repeated all the time on the Internet? Anyone have idea???

Let’s change topic here, about launching your own blog. In my opinion, if you do not have your own blog yet, I recommened you to open an account new blog and Twitter, too. Jason Calacnais, who so publicly “retired” from blogging said that the blogoshpere had become too impersonal and “lacks the intimacy” that drew him to it. Moreover probably a valid opinion, but it is also a statement of his personal taste. If your only purpose to being online is to occasionally publish random pieces of your life, then social media is great. If you do not ever want to offer anything of any length to the Internet, then social media sites are fine. If your purpose is to make “friends”, then social media sites are great to you.

Social media sites are great, and they should be used by anybody with any form of Internet presence. The blogosphere is not dying because of these things. On the contrary, it is evolving and, in some ways, getting better. A blogger can put their digital tentacles our across the Internet so much easier today- because of social media. In fact, a blogger who is actively engaged in social media often has an advantage over some of the larger media conglomerates. The importance of social media and social proof is increasing every day online.

 

This is end of my blog 🙂 Hope everyone enjoy and please share your opinion here ~ ^.^ Thank you and have a great day !!!

 

2nd blog post by yale :)

Hi, guys ! Glad to write my second blog post here 🙂

This week’s reading was ‘Blogs as a Newsgathering and Reporting Tool’, ‘Citizen Journalism and Audience-Generated Content’, ‘Beyond Google: Finding Trustworth Information Online’, ‘Multimedia Newsgathering’, ‘Journalism in the global village’, and ‘Technological talespinning’. This week got alot of reading but quite interesting to read alls. However, I want to focus on writing about Blog from Chapter 3.

What is blogs?  The definition of blogs is constantly evolving as blogs move into the mainstream, shedding their image as the bastion of the self-obsessed who just have to self-express. Thousands of new blogs are being created every day, for all sorts of purposes. Rather than existing to catalog someone’s personal life, many blogs serve as discussion communities about particular issues.

I think blogging and journalism is relevant each other because blogs represent some of he more interesting developments for the publishing world since the arrival of the Web. And according to Lenhart(2005), about 8 millions American adults said they had created a blog, representing about one-quarter of Internet users. Blogs have been around since 1997 but their profile rose in 2002 after blogs became involved in some major news stories.

Why blogs are famous among people? Blogs have boomed because they are easy to set up and maintain. A “blogger” createds an account via the Web with a free or paid blogging service. It is very easy to update information and write down your opinion as often as you like if you have internet access. 🙂 There was unforgettable sentence which is “War, politics, and pop culture are all obsessed over and reported on by bloggers. You name a topic and someone somewhere probably has a blog about it.” In my opinion, blogs offer a new frontier to journalists and I saw one blog who are interested in K-pop(Korean popsong) and seems like that blog is representative of Korean pop culture and give a information when there is k-pop concert or fan meeting in Singapore.

Blogs often provide commentary or news on a specific topic, but the largest group consists of personal diaries. the big difference when comapred with traditional diaries is that peple share their blogs. And if you read chapter 3, page 34, you can see author provided an example Australian and American bloggers “how do these American bloggers compare with their Australian counterpart?”. Moreover, you able to find some differences and similarities.

This is end of my blog for this week 🙂 Hope everyone enjoy !!! Feel free to write comment here, guys

Thank you ♡

<References>

1. Lenhart, Amanda, Madden, Mary. and Hitlin, Paul (2005). “Teens and Technology: Youth are Leading the Transition to a Fully Wired and Mobile World” Published 27 July 2005 by the Pew Internet and American Life project. Online at http://www.pewinternet.org.

Hi, everyone :) This is Yale ♥

Hi, everyone 🙂

Welcome to Yale’s blog.

This week’s readings are about ‘A return to practice: reclaiming journalism as public conversation’, ‘Citizen Journalism and Audience-Generated Content’, and ‘Putting the public back into journalism’.

I will start from chapter 3 and will cover to chapter 11. In chapter 3, Michael Meadows claims that, the Western form of modern journalism emerged around the turn of the century and it called ‘public’. Moreover, when people tend to gather in public houses like pubs and cafes, these things became important meeting places of ideas because journalists gather information from people and report public conversations. As technology developed, journalism has been transformed into something else. Carey suggests important elements that influenced the movement of journalism away from its earlier, publicly accountable form and it created the professional communicator, too.

The emergence of modern journalism practice as ‘independent’ was a natural outcome of this historical process. It developed from the earlier idea of media institutions being seen as ‘the fourth estate’. What is fourth estate? The fourth estate is the public press, referred to as a collective and encompassing photographers, journalists, television broadcasters, and radio announcers, among others (Wisegeek 2011). I think many people generally agree that the fourth estate has immense political and social power, thanks to the fact that the press can be used to shape societies while imparting news of note and commentary of interest. Because the fourth estate is recognised as such an important body, many nations have laws which protect the rights of the press. Moreover, while this and other critiques of modern journalism and its adoption of notions such as the fourth estate as I mentioned earlier, objectivity, and professionalism is lucid and savage. Maybe it needs to be re-examined in terms of how it has shaped modern journalism.

Move on to ‘The media as a cultural resource’ section, I realised that journalists and journalism played a crucial role in this process of ‘imagining’ and in my opinion, through the cultural form of print technology, it just continue to make a significant contribution to the way in which we ‘imagine’ ourselves and our life. Also, it is possible to define ‘how power is imbricated with knowledge and gives a place to notions of commentary, judgement and criticism.

Actually, I want to focus more on Chapter 4, because they discuss about citizen journalism and provided Korea as an example.

 So I can talk more about it. What is citizen journalism? It is the concept of members of the public “playing an active role in the process of collecting, reporting, analysing and disseminating news and information”. I want to say it is the intent of this participation is to provide independent, reliable, accurate, wide-ranging and relevant information that a democracy requires. However, citizen journalism has arisen in environments where audience felt neglected by mainstream media. For example, South Korea think media ignore them that is why young Korean found it made more sense to write for a news media with a strong national brand and formidable presence in the news market than scribble their anger in a puny blog (Min 2007). Bowman and Willis (2005) states that they conclude that people are interested in participating and contributing to subjects that traditional media ignore or cover inadequately. Furthermore, the public was turning to the Internet is response to what they saw as an impoverished and corporate-dominated public sphere. Nowadays, it is being explored via new media such as the use of mobile phones. Because mobile phones have the potential to transform reporting and places the power of reporting in the hands of the public.

This is end of my first blog 🙂 Hope everyone enjoy as well.

Please feel free to comment on my post.

Thank you everyone and HAVE A GREAT DAY !!!! ♥

<References>

1. Bowman, Shayne and Willis, Chris (2005). “The Future is Here, but do News Media Companies See It” in Nieman Reports, Winter 2005; 5-9.
2. Min, Jean (2007). E-mail interview 11 January 2007 and personal interview with Quin, 21 March 2007, in Seoul.
3. Wisegeek (2011). What is the Fourth Estate?, viewed 18 May, <http://www.wisegeek.com/what-is-the-fourth-estate.htm&gt;.

Hello Friends ^.^

Welcome to CMNS3420kimyale.wordpress.com 🙂

Hi, This is Kim Yale here

You can share your opinion into my post and I hope You can develop a solid understanding of ethical issues pertinent to Journalism with me.

Let’s share our opinions and new ideas together and PLEASE feel free to contact me and comment on post.

 

 

Hope you enjoy my blog 🙂

Thank you, EVERYONE